The Hungarian Defence Forces (HDF) comprise the Land Forces and Air Force, organized under a joint force structure that includes logistic components. As of 2020, the HDF maintained approximately 25,000 active-duty personnel, with 20,000 in the Army and 5,000 in the Air Force. The abolition of conscription in 2005 has led to a fully professional military, emphasizing voluntary service.
Demographics and Economic Indicators
Hungary has a population of approximately 9.7 million people and covers a land area of 93,030 square kilometers. In 2022, military expenditure was reported at 1.53% of GDP, reflecting a commitment to enhancing defense capabilities. The government has pledged to increase defense spending to 2% of GDP by 2023, aligning with NATO expectations.
Hungarian Land Forces
Size and Structure
The Land Forces consist of approximately 20,000 personnel, organized into various brigades and battalions, including mechanized infantry, artillery, and support units. The force structure is designed to provide flexibility and rapid response capabilities within both national and NATO contexts.
Equipment and Modernization
The inventory includes a mix of Soviet-era and modern Western equipment:
- Main Battle Tanks: T-72 tanks, with plans to replace them with Leopard 2A7+ tanks as part of modernization efforts.
- Infantry Fighting Vehicles: BMP-1 and BMP-2 IFVs, with procurement of KF-41 Lynx IFVs underway to enhance mechanized capabilities.
- Artillery: D-20 howitzers and PzH 2000 self-propelled artillery systems, with ongoing upgrades to improve fire support.
- Air Defense Systems: Efforts are in place to modernize air defense capabilities, including the acquisition of advanced radar systems and surface-to-air missile systems.
Hungarian Air Force
Aircraft Inventory
The Air Force operates a fleet that includes:
- Fighter Aircraft: JAS 39 Gripen multirole fighters.
- Transport Aircraft: C-17 Globemaster III (as part of the Strategic Airlift Capability) and Airbus A319 aircraft.
- Helicopters: Mi-8/17 transport helicopters, with plans to replace them with H145M and H225M helicopters.
- Trainer Aircraft: Zlin 242L and Saab 91 Safir aircraft for pilot training.
Defense Modernization Initiatives
Hungary has embarked on a comprehensive modernization program, known as the Zrínyi 2026 Defence and Force Development Program, aiming to enhance its military capabilities:
- Armored Vehicles: Procurement of Leopard 2A7+ tanks and KF-41 Lynx IFVs to replace outdated armored platforms.
- Artillery Systems: Acquisition of PzH 2000 self-propelled howitzers to improve artillery firepower.
- Air Defense: Upgrading air defense capabilities with modern radar systems and surface-to-air missile systems.
- Aviation Assets: Introduction of H145M and H225M helicopters to enhance air mobility and support operations.
- Defense Industry: Rebuilding the national defense industry to support self-reliance and economic growth.
