The Austrian Armed Forces, known as the Bundesheer, are structured into the Land Forces, Air Forces, Cyber Forces, and Special Forces. As of 2021, the Bundesheer comprises approximately 23,000 active-duty personnel, including 13,000 in the Land Forces, 2,500 in the Air Forces, and 7,500 in other support roles. Additionally, the military maintains a reserve force that can be mobilized to augment active personnel when necessary.
Demographics and Economic Indicators
Austria has a population of about 9 million people and covers a land area of 83,879 square kilometers. In 2022, the defense budget was approximately $3.63 billion, representing 0.77% of the nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This allocation reflects Austria’s commitment to maintaining a capable defense force while adhering to its policy of neutrality.
Land Forces
The Land Forces operate a diverse array of equipment, including Leopard 2A4 main battle tanks and Ulan infantry fighting vehicles. The artillery units are equipped with self-propelled howitzers and multiple rocket launcher systems. In recent years, Austria has initiated modernization programs to enhance its land capabilities, including the procurement of up to 1,375 logistics vehicles from Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles, which will be produced in Vienna. Additionally, the “Mission Forward” plan, unveiled in 2022, outlines a 10-year investment strategy totaling over €16 billion, aiming to further modernize the Land Forces with new armored fighting vehicles and air defense systems.
Air Forces
The Austrian Air Forces operate a fleet that includes Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft for air defense roles. To enhance training and operational capabilities, Austria plans to acquire four additional two-seater Eurofighter Typhoons, with an initial investment of €1.6 billion. The Air Forces also utilize a variety of helicopters for transport and utility purposes, including the Sikorsky S-70 Black Hawk. In August 2023, Austria announced the procurement of an additional twelve Black Hawk helicopters to bolster its rotary-wing capabilities.
Cyber and Special Forces
Recognizing the evolving nature of modern warfare, Austria has established Cyber Forces dedicated to protecting its digital infrastructure and conducting cyber operations. The Special Forces unit, known as Jagdkommando, is trained for a wide range of missions, including counter-terrorism, reconnaissance, and direct action operations.
Defense Modernization Initiatives
Austria is actively pursuing comprehensive modernization efforts across its military branches. As part of the European Sky Shield Initiative, Austria plans to procure short, medium, and long-range air defense systems, including the IRIS-T SLS and SLM, and is considering systems like the Patriot PAC-3 and Arrow 3 for long-range defense. These acquisitions aim to enhance Austria’s air defense capabilities and ensure interoperability with European partners. Furthermore, Austria is investing in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, with plans to introduce military UAVs into service by 2026, enhancing its reconnaissance and surveillance capabilities.
