The Vanguard Class submarines were introduced to replace the Polaris-armed Resolution Class, ensuring continuity in the UK’s strategic nuclear capabilities. These vessels were built by Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Limited (now BAE Systems) and represent a significant advancement in submarine technology. The fleet consists of four submarines: HMS Vanguard, HMS Victorious, HMS Vigilant, and HMS Vengeance.
The Vanguard Class entered service in the 1990s and was specifically designed to carry the Trident II D5 missile system, providing the UK with a second-strike capability. Each submarine operates as part of the Continuous At-Sea Deterrence (CASD) program, ensuring at least one submarine is always on patrol.
Vanguard Class Submarine Design and Features
The Vanguard Class submarines are among the largest in the Royal Navy. At over 150 meters in length and with a displacement of approximately 16,000 tons when submerged, these submarines are powered by a pressurized water reactor (PWR2) that enables virtually unlimited range and endurance underwater, constrained only by crew and provisions.
The design includes advanced stealth features, minimizing acoustic signatures to reduce detectability. The vessel’s hull shape and internal isolation systems contribute to its silent operation, a key characteristic for strategic deterrence missions.
Weapons Systems
The primary armament of the Vanguard Class is the Trident II D5 missile system, capable of delivering multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs). Each submarine can carry up to 16 missiles, though operational configurations may vary. Complementing this, the submarines are equipped with Spearfish torpedoes for self-defense against enemy ships and submarines.
